Space News & Blog Articles

Despite outward appearances, the internal workings of ice giants like Uranus and Neptune are extremely chaotic. Pressures millions of times greater than Earth’s sea level combine with temperatures in the thousands of degrees to make some pretty weird materials. Now, a new paper from researchers at the Carnegie Institution, published in Nature Communications, describes a completely new state of matter that might exist in these extreme environments - a “quasi-1D superionic” phase.

You’re based at Artemis Station on the lunar south pole, and you’re monitoring your 12 autonomous rovers that are exploring the surrounding terrain for signs of water ice or other essentials minerals. They’re about 3 kilometers out when you suddenly get a NASA Alert for an incoming solar storm. You know the rovers won’t return to base before the storm hits, but you’re calm knowing the rovers all recently got retrofitted with the latest hair-thin nanotube shielding to protect them from the harsh electromagnetic waves and radiation.

Mercury is one of the four rocky planets of the Solar System, yet its chemistry is very different from Earth, Venus, and Mars. Missions to the planet show that it has an iron-poor, but sulfur- and magnesium-rich crust, which has implications for its interior makeup. Furthermore, it's known to planetary scientists as the most reduced planet in the Solar system. That means the chemicals it contains are dominated by sulfides, carbides, and silicides, as opposed to oxides like we see here on Earth.

Astronomers don't have to work hard to find binary stars in the Milky Way. They're common, even abundant. For a long time, they thought that these stars are unlikely to host exoplanets. The complex gravitational environment made things so chaotic, so the thinking went, that the planet formation process is disrupted.

One of the most intriguing puzzles in cosmology is the existence of supermassive black holes that seem to appear very early in the history of the Universe. Astronomers keep finding them at times when, by all that they understand about the infant Universe, they shouldn't be there. The standard theory of black hole formation suggests that they hadn't enough time to grow as massive as they appear to be. Yet, there they are, monster black holes with the mass of at least a billion suns. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has found a large population of them in early epochs, and they've been observed in very early quasars as well by such missions as the Chandra X-Ray Observatory.

In a first, ESA’s Proba-3 space-based coronagraph tracks space weather back to its source.