Halley's Comet, also known as Comet Halley, is one of the most famous comets in our solar system. It is named after the astronomer Edmond Halley, who calculated its orbit and accurately predicted its return. Here are some key facts about Halley's Comet:
Orbit and Appearance: Halley's Comet has an elliptical orbit that brings it close to the Sun and then takes it far out into the outer reaches of the solar system. Its orbital period is approximately 76 years. When it approaches the Sun, the heat causes the comet's icy nucleus to vaporize, creating a glowing coma (a cloud of gas and dust) around it, as well as a tail that can be visible from Earth.
Historical Sightings: Halley's Comet has been observed by humans for centuries. The earliest recorded sighting of the comet dates back to ancient Chinese astronomers in 240 BCE. Notably, Edmond Halley studied historical records and calculated that several sightings throughout history were actually the same comet returning periodically.
Closest Approaches: The most recent close approach of Halley's Comet to Earth was in 1986, when it was visible to the naked eye from many parts of the world. Its next predicted perihelion (closest approach to the Sun) is in 2061.
Scientific Significance: Halley's Comet has been extensively studied by space missions and ground-based observations. The 1986 flyby was an opportunity for scientists to gather valuable data on the composition, structure, and behavior of comets. This information contributes to our understanding of the early solar system and the formation of comets.
