From an engineering perspective, space is surprisingly hot. Or, more specifically, solar energy can make systems that need to be kept at a very cold temperature heat up much more quickly than expected, given the reputation that space has of being cold. In some cases, this heating causes issues with long-term missions, which is why NASA is actively testing a two-stage active cryogenic system to keep one important consumable as cold as possible - fuel.
A Team of astronomers have made a fascinating discovery that forces us to rethink our understanding of how dead stars behave. Using the powerful Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) radio telescope in the Netherlands, the team have found a white dwarf star that's doing something completely unexpected, sending out bright radio pulses in a strange, rhythmic pattern.
Juno's mission to Jupiter faced a host of challenges and obstacles. The gas giant is a long way from the Sun, limiting the available solar energy. The distance also makes communication with the spacecraft problematic. Add to that the complex environment, with Jupiter's massive gravitational pull and the orbital complexity of its four Galilean moons creating a constantly shifting field of gravitational interactions.
Objects in the Solar System can stand out for different reasons. Some of them are bright, some of them get too close to Earth for comfort, and others have incredible surface features or unusual compositions. But some objects stand out for their orbits. Those include Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNO).
Georgia State University’s Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy (CHARA), a six-telescope interferometer, excels at studying stars. It's been observing them for 20 years and has contributed to 276 published papers. The University is celebrating its achievements so far, and underscoring how Georgia State evolved from an institution not known for research to one that's now considered a large research university.
If life is to be found elsewhere in our Solar System, astrobiologists believe it is likely to be simple (microbial) in nature. While most of our astrobiology efforts are currently focused on Mars, multiple missions will be sent to the outer Solar System in the coming years to search for possible signs of life inside Jupiter's icy moon Europa. For decades, scientists have theorized that life could exist beneath the moon's surface around hydrothermal vents located at the core-mantle boundary. Searching for possible evidence of this life is the purpose of the ESA's JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE) and NASA's Europa Clipper mission, which are currently en route to the Jupiter system.
Beyond plans to return astronauts to the Moon for the first time since the Apollo Era, NASA and other space agencies have their sights trained on Mars, Venus, and other deep-space destinations. To accomplish this, robust power systems are needed to provide ample power for spacecraft instruments and propulsion systems, thus reducing overall transit times. To this end, NASA is considering Radioisotope Power Systems (RPS), which have been used by the agency for over 60 years, most recently with the Curiosity and Perseverance rovers on Mars and the upcoming Dragonfly mission destined for Titan.
Black holes played a critical role in the formation of the early universe. However, astronomers have been debating for a long time just how critical, as the information we had about early black holes, which exist at high red-shifts, was relatively limited. A new paper from a group of researchers led by Sophia Geris at the University of Cambridge combined several spectra from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to add some context to the formation of black holes early in the universe, and found that there are plenty of smaller ones lurking around, and lending credence to the idea that black holes of all sizes contributed to the formation of our modern universe.
Astronomers have found a fascinating new world that challenges our understanding of planetary systems. Using NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), an international team of researchers has discovered TOI-2431 b, an Earth sized planet orbiting a nearby star just 117 light years away. What makes this discovery extraordinary isn't just the planet's size, it’s how incredibly fast it races around its star.
The interstellar medium (ISM) is the gas and dust that's spread throughout the space between stars. It's mostly hydrogen, and its density ranges from extremely diffuse regions with few atoms, to massive, dense clouds of cold molecular hydrogen that spawn stars. In between those two extremes are different types of clouds, and those clouds are anything but uniform.
Astrophysicists don't know if direct-collapse black holes are real. They were hypothesized to explain how the Universe could contain supermassive black holes (SMBH) so early. They don't require a stellar progenitor, nor do they require hierarchical merging. Instead, they collapse due to instability in a gas cloud, much like stars do.
What new exercise methods can be devised for astronauts in space under microgravity conditions? This is what a recent study conducted submitted to the 2025 Technology Collaboration Center’s (TCC) Wearables Workshop and University Challenge hopes to address as a team of Rice University engineering students developed a new type of space exercise harness that could make exercising under microgravity easier and more comfortable.
Around three decades ago, we weren't certain that other stars had planets orbiting them. Scientists naturally thought there would be, but they had no evidence. Now, not only do we know of more than 6,000 confirmed exoplanets, but we can watch as baby planets take shape around distant stars.
The Moon's thin atmosphere, called an exosphere, has been a puzzle to science for some time. Two main processes were thought to create this wispy gas envelope; tiny meteoroids hitting the surface and solar wind particles bombarding the lunar soil. But new research using Apollo moon samples reveals that the Moon's own surface features provide surprising protection against solar wind erosion.
When a star gets too close to a supermassive black hole (SMBH), the star's fate is sealed. The SMBH's gravity is overwhelming, and as the star is drawn toward the hole, it is stretched out and eventually consumed. These are called tidal disruption events (TDE), and while they're rare, their brilliant light catches astronomers' attention.
It is true that crewed missions to the Moon are expensive, difficult, and dangerous. And we now have a long history going back decades of reliable, dependable, capable robotic exploration, including fly-bys, orbiters, landers, and rovers. Why don’t we look at how much human spaceflight would cost to return to the moon, and just spend that money on lots of robots instead?
Sometimes serendipity happens in science. Whether it’s an apple falling from a tree or a melting chocolate bar, some of the world’s greatest discoveries come from happy accidents, even if their stories may be apocryphal. According to a new paper on arXiv, there’s a new story to add to the archives of serendipitous scientific discoveries - Rubin happened to make observations of interstellar object 3I/ATLAS before its official discovery, while the telescope was still in its Science Validation survey, marking the earliest, high resolution images we will likely get of the comet at that time.
Betelgeuse is a star that's never out of the news for long. It made headlines in recent years when it dimmed considerably, and since it's a red supergiant, people wondered if it was about to explode as a supernova. That expectation died down when scientists showed that the dimming is because of dust, but now Betelgeuse is in the news again, this time because of a newly-discovered companion star.
Located in the Atacama desert in northern Chile, the Atacama Large Millimeter-submillimeter Array (ALMA) and its many radio antennas are dedicated to studying the unseen Universe. Meanwhile, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has been using its advanced infrared instruments to visualize another unseen part of the Universe. Together, the two observatories have seen, for the first time, hot minerals in a distant solar system beginning to solidify to create a small planetesimal. In short, these observations have allowed astronomers to pinpoint the moment when planets begin to form.
When astronauts return from the International Space Station, many have noticed an unexpected side effect of their mission, their eyesight has changed. This phenomenon, affecting about 70% of astronauts on long duration missions, has NASA scientists working to understand why weightlessness effects how we see.
Just imagine it, the news stories are all over your phone when you wake! The day will surely come that we will discover that we are not alone in the Universe! What happens the day after though? A new research paper from the SETI Post Detection Hub at the University of St Andrews tackles this question, outlining how NASA and the global scientific community should prepare for the moment humanity detects signs of extraterrestrial intelligence.
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