Space News & Blog Articles

Radiation is one of the most dangerous and persistent challenges for astronauts during space missions, especially for long-duration travel beyond low Earth orbit (LEO), like missions to the Moon or Mars.

Here are some major challenges in space exploration that scientists, engineers, and astronauts face:

1. Human Spaceflight Missions

Apollo Program (NASA, USA)

• Goal: Land humans on the Moon and return them safely

The Sun isn’t just the center of the solar system—it is the solar system, in terms of mass.

Here are some of the most famous comets in history, known for their brightness, long tails, or dramatic appearances near Earth:

Saturn is home to one of the most fascinating and diverse collections of moons in our solar system. Here's an overview of its most notable moons and key facts:

Galaxies are vast systems of stars, gas, dust, and dark matter bound together by gravity. Astronomers classify them into several types based on their shape and structure. Here's a breakdown of the main types of galaxies:

Here’s a breakdown of the main types of orbits, categorized by altitude, shape, and purpose. Each orbit serves a specific function in satellite and space mission design:

How Gravity Works: A Simple Explanation

Here are the key characteristics of the Moon, Earth’s only natural satellite:

General Space Facts

1. Outer Space Begins at the Kármán Line
   This imaginary boundary is 100 kilometers (62 miles) above sea level — officially marking the start of outer space.

Here’s a look at some of the major space programs around the world that are shaping humanity’s exploration beyond Earth:

Stars are categorized by their temperature, color, mass, and life stage. Here are the main types of stars:

Estimating the number of stars in the known (observable) universe is incredibly complex, but here's the best approximation based on current astronomical knowledge:

Key Features of Orion

1. Orion’s Belt

What Are Constellations?

Constellations are patterns formed by groups of stars that resemble figures, animals, or objects. While the stars in a constellation may be light-years apart, from Earth they appear close together and form recognizable shapes. Across history, people used constellations for storytelling, navigation, and marking seasons. The International Astronomical Union officially recognizes 88 constellations.

Planet Profile: Venus

1. Basic Facts

Venus, the second planet from the Sun, is often called Earth’s twin due to its similar size, mass, and composition. However, beyond these similarities, Venus is an incredibly hostile world with scorching temperatures, crushing atmospheric pressure, and toxic clouds. It has a diameter of 12,104 km (7,521 miles), making it slightly smaller than Earth. Unlike Earth, Venus has a thick, dense atmosphere composed mostly of carbon dioxide, trapping heat and creating the hottest planetary surface in the Solar System. Venus has no moons or rings, and its surface is dominated by vast volcanic plains, mountains, and deep craters. Despite its extreme conditions, Venus has fascinated astronomers for centuries and remains an important target for future exploration.

The size of the known universe is vast, and estimates can vary depending on what is considered the "observable universe." Here are key details:

Planet Profile: Jupiter

Basic Facts:

• Type: Gas Giant
• Diameter: 86,881 miles (139,822 km)
• Mass: 318 times Earth's mass
• Orbit Period: 11.86 Earth years
• Day Length: 9 hours 56 minutes (the shortest day of any planet in the Solar System)
• Distance from the Sun: Approximately 484 million miles (778 million km)

Composition:

• Atmosphere: Primarily composed of hydrogen (about 90%) and helium (about 10%), with traces of methane, ammonia, and other gases. Jupiter has a thick atmosphere and a very strong magnetic field.
• Core: Jupiter's core is thought to be rocky and made up of metals and silicates, surrounded by a deep layer of liquid hydrogen and helium.

Key Features:

1. Great Red Spot: